Description

Alpha-2 receptor activation lowers the levels of cyclic AMP and inhibits adenylyl cyclase. If untreated, glaucomatous optic neuropathy is linked to progressive loss of visual field and functional disability. The most important risk factor for developing this condition is an elevated IOP. As a result, the synaptic junction's ability to release norpinephrine (NE), the beta-2 adrenoceptors' ability to be stimulated by NE, and the ciliary epithelium's ability to produce aqueous humor all decrease. As brimonidine mediates a potent peripheral vasoconstrictive activity by selectively working on the alpha-2 adrenoceptors, the use of brimonidine is thought to be efficacious for the treatment of facial erythema of rosacea, which is thought to arise from vasomotor instability and abnormal vasodilation of the superficial cutaneous vasculature of the face. Episcleral venous pressure is unaffected by brimonidine. Brimonidine works to lower IOP in order to lessen the risk of glaucomatous visual field loss in patients with ocular hypertension and to slow the progression of visual field defect in patients with established open-angle glaucoma. Alpha-1 adrenoceptors in the eye are involved in vasoconstriction, mydriasis, retraction of the eyelids, and elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas alpha-2 adrenoceptors are in charge of IOP reduction via a complicated Gi-coupled signaling cascade pathway. It is hypothesized that aqueous humour production is reduced during initial drug administration, and uveoscleral outflow is increased during chronic administration. The goal of current glaucoma therapies, regardless of the cause of the condition, is to lower IOP because doing so significantly lowers the risk of vision loss progression, even when IOP is already within the normal range. Brimonidine is quickly absorbed into the eye after being given orally, where it acts as an agonist at ocular alpha-2 adrenoceptors and lowers IOP through two different mechanisms. Brimonidine directly constrictes small arteries and veins when applied topically to the skin, which reduces erythema.

Dosage

Pay close attention to the instructions on your prescription label. The recommended dosage of brimonidine eye drops is one drop in the affected eye(s) three times per day. Your doctor may adjust this dosage depending on your response to the medication as well as the condition being treated. A pea-sized amount of brimonidine gel should be applied once daily to each of the five facial areas—the forehead, chin, nose, and each cheek—to treat the redness brought on by rosacea. Follow your doctor's instructions for using this medication exactly.

Overdose

However, if overdose is thought to have occurred, get emergency medical help. An overdose is unlikely to happen if brimonidine is administered by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting. Call your doctor or the local poison control center right away if you take too much brimonidine, or go to the emergency room right away.

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Side effects

For more details, consult your physician or pharmacist. For medical guidance on side effects, contact your doctor. Common side effects of brimonidine eye drops include the following: itchy, irritated, red, stinging, or burning eyes dry eyes watery or runny eyes red or swollen eyelids sensitivity to light blurred vision headache Common side effects of brimonidine gel include the following: redness on the skin flushing skin burning sensation contact dermatitis feeling of skin warmth tingling sensation acne pain at the application site blurred vision nasal congestion This is not a complete list of brimonidine side effects. Call 1-800-FDA-1088 to contact FDA and report side effects.

Interactions

Alcohol consumption may have cumulative CNS depressant effects. Don't drink.

Contraindications

Brimonidine can cause blurred vision. Brimonidine may lower blood pressure. Patients with depression, cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, orthostatic hypotension, thrombangiitis obliterans, scleroderma, or Sjögren's syndrome should use brimonidine with caution. cardiovascular disease Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how brimonidine affects you. If you have an allergy to brimonidine or any of its ingredients, or if you are taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, you should not take brimonidine. It should be used with caution in patients with severe or unstable or uncontrolled heart disease. Brimonidine has been associated with serious side effects, such as the worsening of vascular disease.

Is brimonidine the same as timolol?

Brimonidine is an alpha agonist. It works to lower the production of fluids within the eye and help the flow of fluids out of the eye. Timolol is a beta blocker. It blocks beta receptors in the eye to lower eye pressure by lowering the amount of fluid in the eye.

How long can I use brimonidine gel?

The long-term safety and efficacy of brimonidine tartrate 0.5% once daily was evaluated in a 12-month, open-label, multicenter study. Adult patients (n=449) with moderate to severe erythema of rosacea received brimonidine tartrate 0.5% once daily for up to 12 months.

What are the side effects of ALPHAGAN?

SIDE EFFECTS: Eye discomfort/itching/redness, blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, bad taste in the mouth, drowsiness, or tiredness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

What is brimonidine ophthalmic used for?

Brimonidine eye drops is used alone or together with other medicines to lower pressure inside the eye that is caused by open-angle glaucoma or ocular (eye) hypertension. This medicine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist. Brimonidine eye drops is also used to relieve redness of the eye caused by minor eye irritations.

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